[51] In 2017, the government announced that Alexandria International Airport will shut down permanently for operational reasons. Pop. Winters are cool and invariably marked by a series of violent storms that can bring torrential rain and even hail. Most Jewish residents of Egypt fled to the newly established Israel, France, Brazil and other countries in the 1950s and 1960s. In: Fawaz, Leila Tarazi and C. A. Bayly (editors) and Robert Ilbert (collaboration). It is usually frequented by the children of French expatriates and diplomats in Alexandria. Inheriting the trade of ruined Tyre and becoming the centre of the new commerce between Europe and the Arabian and Indian East, the city grew in less than a generation to be larger than Carthage. Hellenistic Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its Great Library (the largest in the ancient world); and the Necropolis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Formerly a s A caf operates in the second floor of the first car of tram 1 (a women-only car) which costs 5 L.E per person, also offering a WiFi service. Alexandria's intracity commuter rail system extends from Misr Station (Alexandria's primary intercity railway station) to Abu Qir, parallel to the tram line. History: In 331 B.C., Alexander the Great, on his way to visit the Oracle of Amon seeking divine honors, stopped at the West extremity of the Delta at the isle of Pharos the landing-place of Odysseus (Od. After the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, the Church of Alexandria was split between the Miaphysites and the Melkites. Omissions? Once home to the massive Pharos lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonder of the Ancient World, the Mediterranean seaport of Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great around 330 BCE, and like many other cities in his Empire, took its name from him. In the 1st century, the population of Alexandria contained over 180,000 adult male citizens,[26] according to a census dated from 32 CE, in addition to a large number of freedmen, women, children and slaves. It is generally thought to have been founded at the beginning of the 3rd century BC, during the reign of Ptolemy II of Egypt. The commuter line's locomotives operate on diesel, as opposed to the overhead-electric tram. The tram routes have one of four numbers: 1, 2, 5, and 6. Alexandria consisted originally of little more than the island of Pharos, which was joined to the mainland by a 1,260-metre-long (4,130ft) mole and called the Heptastadion ("seven stadia"a stadium was a Greek unit of length measuring approximately 180 metres or 590 feet). Alexandria is a popular tourist destination, and also an important industrial centre because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. This followed two experiments to erect smaller obelisks and two failed attempts to erect a 25-ton obelisk. Hogarth explored part of an immense brick structure under the mound of Kom El Deka, which may have been part of the Paneum, the Mausolea, or a Roman fortress. Alexandria's tourism office announced plans to reserve some beaches for tourists in July 2018.[55]. The first starts at Bolkly (Isis) and ends at San Stefano. A temple of Hephaestus also stood on Pharos at the head of the mole. Traces of its pavement and canal have been found near the Rosetta Gate, but remnants of streets and canals were exposed in 1899 by German excavators outside the east fortifications, which lie well within the area of the ancient city. A Township 13 kilometeres from North-East Johannesburg.The development of Alexandra Township dates back to 1912. Other institutions of higher education in Alexandria include Alexandria Institute of Technology (AIT) and Pharos University in Alexandria. The first foreign schools date to the early 19th century, when French missionaries began establishing French charitable schools to educate the Egyptians. The highest recorded temperature was 45C (113F) on 30 May 1961, and the coldest recorded temperature was 0C (32F) on 31 January 1994.[35]. "Between Politics and Literature: Journals in Alexandria and Istanbul at the End of the Nineteenth Century" (Chapter 15). Alexandria is a city in and the parish seat of Rapides Parish, Louisiana, United States. Persistent efforts have been made to explore the antiquities of Alexandria. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Street parking is available. Other less popular sports like tennis and squash are usually played in private social and sports clubs, like: Started in 2011, Cross Egypt Challenge is an international cross-country motorcycle and scooter rally conducted throughout the most difficult tracks and roads of Egypt. Search country. Find locations. Route 1 takes the inner route between San Stefano and Bolkly and the outer route between Sporting and Mustafa Kamel. Alexandria's once-flourishing Jewish community declined rapidly following the 1948 ArabIsraeli War, after which negative reactions towards Zionism among Egyptians led to Jewish residents in the city, and elsewhere in Egypt, being perceived as Zionist collaborators. The city is also the nominal see of the Melkite Greek Catholic titular Patriarchate of Alexandria (generally vested in its leading Patriarch of Antioch) and the actual cathedral see of its Patriarchal territory of Egypt, Sudan and South Sudan, which uses the Byzantine Rite, and the nominal see of the Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Alexandria (for all Egypt and Sudan, whose actual cathedral is in Cairo), a suffragan of the Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia, using the Armenian Rite. Most of the vehicles are blue in colour. It was likely created after his father had built what would become the first part of the library complex, the temple of the Musesthe Museion, Greek (from which the Modern English word museum is derived). [49] The most important synagogue in Alexandria is the Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue. John Baines, "Possible implications of the Egyptian word for Alexandria", O'Connor, Lauren (2009) "The Remains of Alexander the Great: The God, The King, The Symbol,". The main sport that interests Alexandrians is football, as is the case in the rest of Egypt and Africa. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). This was used by, The Navalia (Docks), lying west of the Timonium, along the seafront as far as the mole, Behind the Emporium rose the Great Caesareum, by which stood the two great. [22], In July 1954, the city was a target of an Israeli bombing campaign that later became known as the Lavon Affair. [15], According to Philo of Alexandria, in the year 38 of the Common era, disturbances erupted between Jews and Greek citizens of Alexandria during a visit paid by the Jewish king Agrippa I to Alexandria, principally over the respect paid by the Jewish nation to the Roman emperor, and which quickly escalated to open affronts and violence between the two ethnic groups and the desecration of Alexandrian synagogues. The city extends about 40km (25mi) at the northern coast of Egypt along the Mediterranean Sea. As late as the 15th century, the city prospered as a transit point in the trade conducted between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean basin. Approximately one and a half hours from Queenstown or As the rest of Egypt's northern coast, the prevailing north wind, blowing across the Mediterranean, gives the city a less severe climate from the desert hinterland. Alexandria is known as the yearly starting point of Cross Egypt Challenge and a huge celebration is conducted the night before the rally starts after all the international participants arrive to the city. This sophisticated grid system managed to maximize the cool North wind during the summer and with especially wide roads to enable chariots to turn around with ease. [18], In 619, Alexandria fell to the Sassanid Persians. Muhammad Ali, the Ottoman governor of Egypt, began rebuilding and redevelopment around 1810, and by 1850, Alexandria had returned to something akin to its former glory. The stadium is the oldest stadium in Egypt, being built in 1929. Enter the answer length or the answer pattern to get better results. Public Transit: It is a commercial port for general cargo and phosphates. [31] Rafah and Alexandria[32] are the wettest places in Egypt; the other wettest places are Rosetta, Baltim, Kafr el-Dawwar, and Mersa Matruh. An extensive tramway network was built in 1860 and is the oldest in Africa. Alexandria is the largest city lying along the south-east Mediterranean coast. One of them being Imam Borhan Oddin El Aaraj. Some smaller yellow-coloured vehicles have further routes beyond the two main endpoints. Other notable mosques in the city include Ali ibn Abi Talib mosque in Somouha, Bilal mosque, al-Gamaa al-Bahari in Mandara, Hatem mosque in Somouha, Hoda el-Islam mosque in Sidi Bishr, al-Mowasah mosque in Hadara, Sharq al-Madina mosque in Miami, al-Shohadaa mosque in Mostafa Kamel, Al Qa'ed Ibrahim Mosque, Yehia mosque in Zizinia, Sidi Gaber mosque in Sidi Gaber, Sidi B esher mosque, Rokay el-Islam mosque in Elessway, Elsadaka Mosque in Sidibesher Qebly, Elshatbi mosque and Sultan mosque. The modern city extends 25 miles (40 km) east to west along a limestone ridge, 12 miles (1.63.2 km) wide, that separates the salt lake of Mary, or Mareotisnow partly drained and cultivatedfrom the Egyptian mainland. For other uses, see. Area city, 116 square miles (300 "Pompey's Pillar", a Roman triumphal column, is one of the best-known ancient monuments still standing in Alexandria today. Some trams (that date back the 30s) charge a pound. The Skateboarding culture in Egypt started in this city. The early Ptolemies kept it in order and fostered the development of its museum into the leading Hellenistic centre of learning (Library of Alexandria), but were careful to maintain the distinction of its population's three largest ethnicities: Greek, Jewish, and Egyptian. [10], In July 1882, the city came under bombardment from British naval forces and was occupied. An Egyptian village named Rhacotis existed at the location and grew into the Egyptian quarter of Alexandria. Ibn Battuta left Alexandria with the intent of visiting him. Many of its faculties are internationally renowned, most notably its Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Engineering. It is considered the most reputable university in Egypt after the AUC American University in Cairo because of its worldwide recognition from board of engineers at UK & ABET in US. The prevailing north wind, blowing across the Mediterranean, gives Alexandria a markedly different climate from that of the desert hinterland. in Africa. Sheikh Yakut was another great man. The most famous mosque in Alexandria is Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque in Bahary. The wealth underground is doubtlessly immense; but despite all efforts, there is not much for antiquarians to see in Alexandria outside the museum and the neighborhood of "Pompey's Pillar". It became Egypt's main Greek city, with Greek people from diverse backgrounds. Alexandra is situated on the banks of the Juk The biggest question facing fans of The Walking Dead isn't who Negan (Jeffrey Dean Morgan) will kill next, or whether Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) will lose a hand. Ideally located just across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., Alexandria is nationally recognized as one of the best places to live and do business on the east coast. The Melkites went on to constitute what is known today as the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria. In the early 20th century, the city became a home for novelists and poets. Kendall, Elisabeth. [9] A small Egyptian fishing village named Rhakotis (Egyptian: r-qdy.t, 'That which is built up') existed since the 13th century BC in the vicinity and eventually grew into the Egyptian quarter of the city. On 21 July 365, Alexandria was devastated by a tsunami (365 Crete earthquake),[17] an event annually commemorated years later as a "day of horror". Alexandria experiences violent storms, rain and sometimes sleet and hail during the cooler months; these events, combined with a poor drainage system, have been responsible for occasional flooding in the city in the past though they rarely occur anymore. There are only two German schools in Alexandria which are Deutsche Schule der Borromrinnen (DSB of Saint Charles Borrom) and Neue Deutsche Schule Alexandria, which is run by Frau Sally Hammam. Likewise, the decadent cosmopolitanism of the foreign community in Alexandria was depicted by the English writer Lawrence Durrell in his famous series of novels, The Alexandria Quartet (195760). By WCCO-TV February 25, 2021 at 8:43 am. The Crossword Solver finds answers to American-style crosswords, British-style crosswords, general knowledge crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. All-inclusive Alexandra Resort invites you to enjoy the best resort on world acclaimed Grace Bay Beach. Learn how we can help you start or relocate your business in Alexandria, and access resources for It is commonly known as "Gomorrah" among local residents. The names of a few other public buildings on the mainland are known, but there is little information as to their actual position. Abu Abd Allah El Murshidi was a great interpreting saint that lived secluded in the Minyat of Ibn Murshed. Shorter trips may have a lower fare, depending on the driver and the length of the trip. He chose the site of Alexandria, envisioning the building of a causeway to the nearby island of Pharos that would generate two great natural harbours. Excavations were performed in the city by Greeks seeking the tomb of Alexander the Great without success. Ideally located just across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., Alexandria is nationally recognized as one of the best places to live and do business on the east coast. After his death in 323 BCE, Alexander's Empire was left in the hands of his generals, with Ptolemy I Soter taking Egypt and making Alexandria his capital in 320 BCE. By the time of the Arab conquest of Egypt in 641 AD, the city had already been largely plundered and lost its significance before re-emerging in the modern era. Remains of a Christian church show that the temple was used as a church in later centuries. The first Ptolemy began the project, and the second Ptolemy (Ptolemy II Philadelphus) completed it, at a total cost of 800talents. 0.12 mi. 4148. The first Arab governor of Egypt recorded to have visited Alexandria was Utba ibn Abi Sufyan, who strengthened the Arab presence and built a governor's palace in the city in 664665.[19][20]. The port city of Alexandria is located on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt and is with about 4.5 million inhabitants the second largest city of Egypt and at the same time capital of the homonymous region of Alexandria. Alexandria has a long history of foreign educational institutions. As early as the 7th century BC, there existed important port cities of Canopus and Heracleion. The most important battles and sieges of Alexandria include: Greek Alexandria was divided into three regions: Two main streets, lined with colonnades and said to have been each about 60 meters (200ft) wide, intersected in the centre of the city, close to the point where the Sema (or Soma) of Alexander (his Mausoleum) rose. Passing through Egypt, Alexander wanted to build a large Greek city on Egypt's coast that would bear his name. It is located at the Wood Green entrance to the Park. At the beginning of the 21st century, Alexandria remained Egypts second capital. It continued to contribute substantially to the national economy and was popular as a summer holiday destination. Alexandria is a village in Licking County, Ohio, United States. It took 12years to complete and served as a prototype for all later lighthouses in the world. After Rome and Constantinople, Alexandria was considered the third-most important seat of Christianity in the world. A contrasting portrayal of the modern city is given in Naguib Mahfouzs Miramar (1967); set in postcolonial Alexandria, Mahfouzs novella offers a view of the city as an integral part of Egyptian history and society. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The city lies on the Mediterranean Sea at the western edge of the Nile River delta, about 114 miles (183 km) northwest of Cairo in Lower Egypt. It is the largest sea-port of Egypt. It is in the Nile delta area.[29]. A regular train service runs direct from Moorgate, through Highbury & Islington or from Kings Cross, changing at Finsbury Park. Universit Senghor is a private French university that focuses on the teaching of humanities, politics and international relations, which mainly recruits students from the African continent. The city lies on the Mediterranean Sea at the western edge of the Nile River delta, about 114 miles (183 km) northwest of Cairo in Lower Egypt. The light was produced by a furnace at the top and the tower was built mostly with solid blocks of limestone. HOW TO VISIT: Map & Directions. In more recent years, many ancient artifacts have been discovered from the surrounding sea, mostly pieces of old pottery. The violence was quelled after Caligula intervened and had the Roman governor, Flaccus, removed from the city. Its two steeply curving bays form the basins for the Eastern Harbour and the Western Harbour. Alexandria plays host to two intercity railway stations: the aforementioned Misr Station (in the older Manshia district in the western part of the city) and Sidi Gaber railway station (in the district of Sidi Gaber in the centre of the eastern expansion in which most Alexandrines reside), both of which also serve the commuter rail line. Archaeologists found an animal necropolis near the temple. More filters. The Miaphysites went on to constitute what is known today as the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. The nationalization of property by Nasser, which reached its highest point in 1961, drove out nearly all the rest. Sort by: Distance; Name A-Z; 1 15 of 1747. For after hours filing, a drop box is located inside the Post Office, through the back doors, near the Pay Phones. Loen Skylift and Stryn Vinterski are worth checking out if an activity is on the agenda, while those wishing to experience the area's natural beauty can explore Jostedalsbreen National Park and Lovatnet. There, The Great Lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, reputed to be 138 metres (453 feet) high, was situated. The city hosted the AfroBasket, the continent's most prestigious basketball tournament, on four occasions (1970, 1975, 1983, 2003). al-eg-zan'-dri-a (he Alexandreia). The minibus share taxi system, or mashr' operates along well-known traffic arteries. In 215, the emperor Caracalla visited the city and, because of some insulting satires that the inhabitants had directed at him, abruptly commanded his troops to put to death all youths capable of bearing arms. But two difficulties face the would-be excavator in Alexandria: lack of space for excavation and the underwater location of some areas of interest. Alexandria has long occupied a special place in the popular imagination by virtue of its association with Alexander and Cleopatra. The summers are relatively temperate, although humidity can build up in July and in August, the hottest month, when the average temperature reaches 87 F (31 C). After the Battle of Ridaniya in 1517, the city was conquered by the Ottoman Turks and remained under Ottoman rule until 1798. The main entrance to the courthouse is facing Murray Street. New Haven CT: Yale University Press, 2007. In addition, the Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology in New Borg El Arab city is a research university set up in collaboration between the Japanese and Egyptian governments in 2010. [9] Alexandria was intended to supersede the older Greek colony of Naucratis as a Hellenistic centre in Egypt, and to be the link between Greece and the rich Nile valley. OLD TOWN SHOE & LUGGAGE REPAIR. Since the great and growing modern city stands immediately over the ancient one, it is almost impossible to find any considerable space in which to dig, except at enormous cost. 1. One of Egypts largest cities, Alexandria is also its principal seaport and a major industrial centre. It lies on the south bank of the Red River in almost the exact geographic center of the state. Roger Hopkins and Mark Lehrner conducted several obelisk erecting experiments including a successful attempt to erect a 25-ton obelisk in 1999. The shaft is 88 feet (27m) high, and made out of a single piece of granite. Although Cleomenes was mainly in charge of overseeing Alexandria's early development, the Heptastadion and the mainland quarters seem to have been primarily Ptolemaic work. The British won a considerable victory over the French at the Battle of Alexandria on 21 March 1801, following which they besieged the city, which fell to them on 2 September 1801. Alexandria figured prominently in the military operations of Napoleon's expedition to Egypt in 1798. He told Ibn Battuta that he should go find his three brothers, Farid Oddin, who lived in India, Rokn Oddin Ibn Zakarya, who lived in Sindia, and Borhan Oddin, who lived in China. Parking: There is a small lot with 9 spaces. NewYork-Presbyterian Alexandra Cohen Hospital for Women and Newborns is exclusively dedicated to the unique healthcare needs of pregnant patients and their newborn babies. Although it has been asserted that Alexandria declined as a result of its conquest by Muslim Arabs in the 7th century ce, such a statement is misleading. The tower was an exact scale replica of the destroyed Alexandrine Pharos Lighthouse.[48]. Enter ZIP/Postal Code or City. Alexandra, informally abbreviated to Alex, is a township in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Here, substructures of a large building or group of buildings have been exposed, which are perhaps part of the Serapeum. Taxis in Alexandria sport a yellow-and-black livery and are widely available. [45] This underwater section, containing many of the most interesting sections of the Hellenistic city, including the palace quarter, was explored in 1992 and is still being extensively investigated by the French underwater archaeologist Franck Goddio and his team. Alexandria (/lzndri/ or /-znd-/;[5] Arabic: al-Iskandariyya;[6] Egyptian Arabic: Eskendereyya; Coptic: Rakod;[7] Greek: Alexandria)[7][8] is the third-largest city in Egypt after Cairo and Giza, seventh-largest city in Africa, and a major economic centre. Cairo-Alexandria Agriculture Road (Alexandria , This page was last edited on 14 March 2021, at 22:33. Only the outer wall and the pylons remain from the temple. Area city, 116 square miles (300 square km). The city's climate is influenced by the Mediterranean Sea, moderating its temperatures, causing variable rainy winters and moderately hot and slightly prolonged summers that, at times, can be very humid; January and February are the coolest months, with daily maximum temperatures typically ranging from 12 to 18C (54 to 64F) and minimum temperatures that could reach 5C (41F). Enter ZIP/Postal Code or City. The stadium holds 20,000 people. This point is very near the present mosque of Nebi Daniel; and the line of the great EastWest "Canopic" street, only slightly diverged from that of the modern Boulevard de Rosette (now Sharia Fouad). Nearby, immense catacombs and columbaria have been opened which may have been appendages of the temple. A. ALEXANDRIA. See Alexandra photos and images from satellite below, explore the aerial photographs of Alexandra in South Africa. Location: 2501 Commonwealth Avenue Alexandria, VA 22301 tel: 703.746.1705 fax: 703.746.1785. Sometimes thought to be named in honour of Queen Alexandra, wife of King Edward VII of Great Britain; also said to be named after Alexandra, the daughter of EH Papenfus, Township secratary and owner of the Ground, it was laid out on. The latter was recently rediscovered under water. It is currently used mostly for football matches, and was used for the 2006 African Cup of Nations. It covers an area of over 800 ha (including east bank) and its infrastructure was designed for a population of about 70,000. Today, the most important French schools in Alexandria run by Catholic missionaries include Collge de la Mre de Dieu, Collge Notre Dame de Sion, Collge Saint Marc, Ecoles des Soeurs Franciscaines (four different schools), cole Girard, cole Saint Gabriel, cole Saint-Vincent de Paul, cole Saint Joseph, cole Sainte Catherine, and Institution Sainte Jeanne-Antide.